Pumping mechanism



June 16, 1942. s, PARENT! PUMPING MECHANISM Filed Oct. 4, 1939 sSheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS Same 1%, J. 5. PARENT] 2,2332% PUMPINGMECHANISM Filed Oct. 4, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATT ORNEYS June 16, 1942.

J. 5. PARENTE PUMPING MECHANISM Filed Oct. 4, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 3ATTORNEYS Patented June 16, 1942 PUMPING MECHANISM Joseph S. Parenti,Buffalo, N. Y., assignor to The Fluidpoise Manufacturing Company, Inc.,Buffalo, N. Y.

Application October 4, 1939, Serial No. 292,904

3 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in pumps of the kind which areparticularly adapted for pumping deep wells, and in which the pumpingmechanism is located in the Well and is actuated by variations inpressure of the pumped liquid.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a pumping mechanismof this type of improved and simplified construction. Another object isto construct a pumping mechanism of this type which may be made mainlyof tubular parts of standard construction and sizes. A further object isto provide a pumping mechanism of this kind in which the power pistonincludes a tube which forms a passage for the fluid which is beingpumped and which also acts as a piston rod to transmit force from thepower or pressure actuated piston to the pumping piston.

Another object of this invention is to provide a pumping mechanism ofthis type which is so constructed that any pressure existing in the wellacts to supplement the action of the spring or other yielding meanswhich move the movable part of the pump through one stroke.

Another object of this invention is to provide the pumping mechanismwith an improved hollow tubular piston arranged in such a manner withreference to other parts of the pump that while opposite faces of thepiston are acted upon by fluid pressure, the cups or piston packingemployed need only act in one direction to resist passage of liquid pastthe same.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a pump of this kindin which the recipro-' catory part is so formed that it may extend to aconsiderable depth below the pumping mechanism and may reciprocate inthe fluid to be pumped. Another object is to provide a constructionwhereby the reciprocation of a part of the pump in the fluid to bepumped serves to maintain the passages for the fluid leading to the pumpfree from obstructions.

Other objects of this invention will appear from the followingdescription and claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section, showing an improved pumpingmechanism embodying this invention arranged in a well and also showingapparatus above the ground for producing variations in the pressure ofthe pumped liquid.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary central sectional elevation of a pumpingmechanism of modified construction.

Figs. 3 and 4 are central sectional elevations of a portion of thepumping mechanism shown in.

herein illustrated in detail.

Fig. 1, the section being taken online 33, Fig. 1, and Fig. 4representing the continuation of the lower portion of Fig. 3.

Figs. 5 and 6 are views similar to'Figs. 3 and 4, but showing the partsof the pumping mechanism in different positions.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary central sectional elevation of apumpingmechanism of a modified construction.

Fig. 8 is a central sectional elevation of a pumping mechanism of stillanother modified form.

In the upper portion of Fig. 1, there is shown by way of example, amechanism for supplying variations or pulsations in pressure to myimproved pumping mechanism which is located in the well, and it will beunderstood that any means for producing pressure variations orpulsations in the pumped fluid may be employed. In this figure, l0represents a tank or reservoir for the pumped liquid, that shown beingin the form of a tank having an air or gas cushion in the upper portionthereof which exerts a pressure on the liquid in the tank so that thesame may be readily conducted through pipes to wherever it may beneeded. Pressure systems of this type are old and well known and are notIn this figure, II designates a motor for supplying power to the pumpingmechanism, and this motor may, if desired, be operated in any well knownmanner by pressure actuated control means (not shown),

which start the motor when the pressure falls below a certain point andwhich stop the motor when the pressure reaches the desired high point.The motor shown is connected with a driving belt 12 which transmitspower to a wheel l5 which may be connected by any means (not shown),such for example as a Scotch yoke mechanism, to the piston rod 16 towhich a piston l! is secured. This piston is arranged to reciprocate inthe cylinder 18 arranged Within a housing IS in such a manner that anannular space is provided between the cylinder I 8 and the housing l9,into which space the pumped liquid is discharged from the cylinder [8through suitable apertures 20 arranged therein. 2| represents adischarge pipe extending from the housing 1 9 to the tank 10.

The housing 19 is connected at its lower end with a pipe or duct 24 forthe liquid which is being pumped and through which pressure pulsations.or impulses may be transmitted by means of the pump mechanism which hasjust been described. It will be obvious that When the piston I1 is movedupwardly, fluid may pass upwardly through the pipe or duct 24 into thecylinder l8, it being understood that the fluid in the pipe or duct 24is under pressure due to the pumping mechanism located below thesurface. Consequently, fluid passing into the cylinder l3 will flowoutwardly through the apertures 20 when the piston I1 is moved upwardlyto a suffici'ent extent to uncover these apertures. During the downwardstroke of the piston i1, additional liquid may be forced outwardlythrough the apertures 20 until these apertures are covered by the pistonwhereupon further downward movement of the piston produces pressure inthe pumped fluid which is transmitted downwardly through the pipe orduct 24 to the pumping mechanism located below the ground. As has beenstated, any other means for producing variations in pressure in theliquid in the pipe'or duct 24 and for permitting the discharge of pumpedfluid through this pipe or duct may be employed.

My improved pumping mechanism may operate in any type of well or othersource of fluid to be pumped, and in the construction illustrated, 25represents the lining or casing of the well, which may extend below thelevel of the liquid in the well. The upper portion of the casing 25 maybe closed, as indicated at 21, this closure being particularly desirablein the case of' an oil well having gas under pressure therein.

In the form of my pumping mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 3 to 6inclusive, this mechanism includes an outer tubular part or housing,that shown being formed in two sections 30 and 3| connected together bya suitable coupling member 32. The upper end of the outer tubular member3|) is secured to a connecting member 33 which connects it with thefluid delivery pipe or duct 24. This coupling member 33 as shown is ofannular form having a threaded engagement with the fluid delivery duct24 and with the upper section 30 of the outer tubular member.

A portion of the lower part 3| of the outer tubular member forms acylinder within which a power piston, actuated by pressure pulsations ofthe pumped liquid, operates. This power piston includes an inner tubularmember 35 having outwardly extending parts secured thereto, which forman annular piston upon which the pressure of the pumped fluid may act.These outwardly extending parts preferably include suitable packingmeans, such for example as the usual hydraulic collars or cup leathers36 and 31, formed of leather or other suitable material and held inoperative relation to the inner tubular member 35 by any suitable means,such as a rigid collar 38 secured on the outer surface of this tubularmember, and a pair of threaded collars 39 and. remo'vably secured to thetubular member 35 and supporting the cups 3B and 31 in their operativepositions. The middle collar 39, as shown, also acts as a, coupling forconnecting two pipe sections which together form the inner tubularmember 35.

I also provide within the upper portion of the outer tubular member 30 apumping cylinder 42, that shown being in the form of a pipe or tubehaving its lower end secured to the coupling member 32 which connectsthe two parts 3| and 32 of the outer housing or tube of the pumpingmechanism. The tube or cylinder 42 has apertures 43 arranged atintervals thereon immediately above the coupling member 32. The upperend of this tubular pumping cylinder is provided with a suitabledischarge valve, that shown including a spider 44 suitably secured tothe upper end of the tube 42 and a check valve 45 which may be of anysuitable or desired construction, that shown being of the disk typehaving a valve stem 46 slidable in the spider 44 and provided with aspring 47 which serves to hold the valve normally in closed position.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 3, 4, and 6, the inner tubularmember 35 forms a part of both the power piston and the pump piston.Consequently, the upper part of the tubular member 35 extends into thepumping cylinder 42 and is provided with suitable packing means, thatshown by way of example including a flanged tubular member 50 having athreaded engagement with the inner surface of the upper end of the tube35. A pair of cup leathers or other flange of the member 50.

packing members 5| and 52 are suitably secured between the tube 35 andthe flanged member 50, the lower cup 5| having one end thereof heldbetween the upper end of the tube 35 and a metal sleeve or collar 53.The other cup 52 is held between the other end of this sleeve 53 and theAny other means for providing a packing may be provided.

It will be noted that these packing members 5| and 52 face downwardlyand are, consequently, more efficient as packing against pressureexerted upwardly from the under face thereof, whereas the pressurestroke of the pumping piston is upward. The reason for this is that thepressure pulsations of the pumped fluid pass from the discharge pipe orduct 24 downwardly in the space between the outer tube section 30 andthe pumping cylinder or tube 42 and through the apertures 43 therein.Consequently, during the pressure pulsations of the pumped fluid, thecups 5| and 52 will be urged against the inner surface of the tube 42and thus provide a secure packing. Because of the clearance between thecoupling member 32 and the inner tubular member 35, the pressurepulsations pass downwardly into the space between the outer tubularsection 3| and the inner tubular member 35 and act upon the upper faceof the annular power piston formed on the tubular member 35. During thispressure impulse, the tube 35 and the two pistons will be moveddownwardly due to the fact that the top surface of the annular powerpiston on the tube 35 has a materially greater area than of the packingmember 5| against which the pressure of the pumped fluid also acts.

The downward movement of the tube 35 is the intake stroke during whichthe valve 45 remains closed and during which a foot valve 55 of anysuitable or desired construction opens. This foot valve 55 as shown isarranged in a housing 56 secured to the bottom of the inner tube 35, butmay be located in any desired place in the tube 35. During this downwardor suction stroke, the pressure pulsation of the pumped fluid causesliquid to flow upwardly in the suction tube 35 and into the pumpingcylinder 42. The pressure pulsation also stores energy in any suitableyielding or resilient means, for example, in a coil spring 60 arrangedbetween the inner and outer tubular parts 35 and 3| and abutting at itsupper end against the ring or collar 38 of the power piston and at itslower end against a ring or shoulder 5| secured within the lower end ofthe outer tubular member 3|. Attention is called to the fact that thisring 6| has an internal diameter considerably larger than the externaldiameter of the inner tube 35, thus providing a clearance or passage 62through which any pressure that may be existing in the well may act in adirection to urge the power piston upwardly, and thus supplement theaction of the spring 60.

After the pressure of the pumped fluid is decreased by the upwardmovement of the piston I1, the power and pumping pistons will be movedupwardly through their pumping stroke by means of the spring 60. Figs. 3and 4 show the pistons and the piston tube 35 in their lower positionsin which the upper discharge valve 45 is closed and the intake or footvalve 55 is open to admit fluid to be pumped into the tube 35. In thesefigures, the spring 6% is compressed. In Figs. and 6, the parts areshown at or near their upper position into which they are moved by theenergy stored in the spring 58. During this upward movement, the footvalve 55 is closed while the discharge valve 5 is open, so that some ofthe liquid above the pumping piston is discharged into the dischargeduct 26. This raises the column of liquid in that duct 26; and causesliquid from the upper end of this column to be discharged through theapertures 26 from the upper cylinder 58.

It will be noted that the cup leathers and 3'! of the power piston havetheir expansible edges facing the cup leathers 5i and 52 of the pumpingpiston. This enables these cup leathers or gasket to resist leakage mostefficiently during pressure pulsations. During the pumping or upwardstroke of the pumping piston, small quantitie of liquid may flow pastthe cup leathers El and 52, but it is, of course, immaterial whetherliquid passes out of punp-ing cylinder to the column of pumped liquidthrough the valve 45 or past these cup leathers.

I have found that the efliciency of this pump and the amount of pressurerequired in the pumped fluid may be materially reduced by making thepipe as long as may be practically possible, in view of the pressureacting on the liquid in the bottom of the well. For example, in the caseof a water well in which atmospheric pressure acts on the water in thebottom of the well, the length of the pipe 35 below the valve should notbe in excess of about twenty-five feet. If a gas pressure is maintainedin the well which acts on the liquid to be pumped, the length of thepipe 35 may, of course, be increased proportionally to this pressure.The lengthening of the pipe 35 makes it possible to locate the pump ingmechanism at a distance materially above the level of the liquid to bepumped, and consequently, decrease the head or height of the column ofliquid acting on the upper face of the power piston. This in turn makesit possible to decrease the size or strength of the spring til, thusmaking it possible to operate the pumping mechanism below the ground atreduced pressures. The weight of the tubular member 35 and the liquidcontained therein may, of course, be reduced by making aportion of thetube 35 be low the pumping mechanism of decreased di- .ameter and ofmetals of light weight, so that the weight of this tube together withthe liquid contained therein will not 'bea serious factor in the loadingof the spring 63. This is due to the fact that the pressure placed onthe spring due to the weight only of the tube 35 and liquid. containedtherein is much less than the pressure that would result, if the lengthof the tube 35 were added to the height of the column of liquid actingonthe power piston, since this latter pressure would have to bemultiplied by the total area of the power piston. Furthermore, as hasbeen stated, the upward flow in the tube 3-5 is produced by the pressurepulsation in the pumped fluid, whereas upward flow of the remainder ofthecolumn of liquid above the tube 35 is effected by the spring.

By means of the tubular construction of the piston, the usual piston rodis eliminated and the power transmitted to the power piston is comducted to the pumping piston by the tube 35. Thisarrangement also makesit possible to use relatively large valves which facilitate the flow ofliquid into and .out of the piston.

In the modified construction shown in Fig. 2, 6.5 represent the outertubular member. The power piston is formed by .a short intermediatetubular member 65 having .an outwardly extending flange .67 .at thelower portion thereof which is provided with any suitable packing meanscooperating with the interior of the tube The upper part of this tubularmember is provided with a discharge valve 88, that shown being pivotedat 69. A spring Til which performs the up ward stroke of the powerpiston is arranged below this piston, the upper portion of the springengaging the lower face of the flange the lower end of the springresting upon the closure ii at the lower end of the outer tube 65. ninner tubular member id is arranged in the lo portion of the outertubular member @5 and is suitably secured to the lower end thereof. Iheclosure member H for the outer tube 5:: is pro vided with an inletopening it closed by means of a suitable foot valve It. The upper end ofthe inner tubular member it is provided with an outwardly extending orflanged upper end ll pro-- vided with suitable packing means for forminga substantially liquid-tight slidable connection with the interior ofthe movable piston member 66.

In the operation of this pumping mechanism, the pressure of the pumpedfluid causes the piston member 65 to move downwardly to compress thespring it. During this downward move ment, any fluid entrapped betweenthe foot valve 15 and the discharge Valve 38 is forced out through thedischarge valve into the outer tubular member 65, from which it may intoa discharge pipe (not shown) similar to the 2d shown in Figs. 1 and 3 to6. In this modified form shown in Fig. 2, the spring "it, during theperiod of reduced pressure of the pumped fluid, moves the piston member66 upwardly, causing liquid to be drawn in past the foot valve it, thusfilling the space within the tubular member id and the portion of thetubular piston above the tubular member "I l. The spring Tiil while ex--panding also raises the column of pumped liquid.

In this construction, the lower end of the outer tubular member 65 isprovided with suitable openings Ii) through which any pressure existingin the lower part of the well may act on the lower face of the flange 61of the piston member, and thus supplement the action of the spring it.If any liquid enters through the apertures 19 during the upward movementof the piston member 96, such liquid will be forced outwardly throughthe openings 79 during the downward movement of the piston member 68. Itwill also be obvious that in this construction, the inner tube l4 mayextend downwardly to a much greater extent than shown in Fig. 2, so thatfor deep wells, the load on the spring it may be proportionally reduced.

In the modified construction shown in Fig. 7, 84 represents the liquiddischarge pipe which corresponds to the discharge pipe 24 shown in Figs.1 and 3 to 6. The lower end of this supply pipe is rigidly secured to ahead 85 of a pumping cylinder 86. This cylinder head 85 has a dischargeaperture in the upper portion thereof with which a discharge valve 81cooperates. The discharge pipe 84 is provided immediately above thecylinder head 85 with a plurality of openings 88 through which thepumped liquid may pass into a space formed at the upper portion of anouter power cylinder 90 of the pumping mechanism. In this construction,the pumping cylinder 86 remains stationary during the operation of thepump and the outer tube or cylinder 90 reciprocates. This outer cylinderor tube 90 is provided at its upper end with a head 9I provided with anaperture through which the fluid discharge pipe 84 passes, and suitablepacking 92, held in place by means of a packing nut 93, serves to form atight but slidable joint between the outer cylinder head 9I and theliquid discharge pipe 84. The pumping cylinder 86 also has suitablepacking 95 arranged near the upper and lower portions thereof to form aliquid tight slidable connection between. the pumping cylinder and theouter tube 90.

At the lower end of the outer tube 90, an apertured end head 98 isprovided, which has a downwardly extending tube or extension 91, in thelower end of which a foot valve 98 is arranged. This tube or extension91 may extend downwardly below the discharge valve 81 to such extent asmay be warranted by the pressure acting on the liquid in the well, asdescribed in connection with the inner tube 35 in Figs. 1 and 3 to 6.The aperture in the lower head 96 and the extension 91 communicates withthe interior of an inner tubular member or piston rod 99, the upper endof which has the pumping piston I secured thereto. This piston I00 mayhave packing of any suitable kind to form a relatively water-tight andslidable connection with the pumping cylinder 86, such for example as apair of cups IOI of leather or other suitable material. The lower end ofthe outer tubular member 90 is preferably also provided with aperturesI02 for venting this portion of the outer tube 90.

In this construction, the pressure of the fluid from the pipe or duct 84passing through the apertures 88 causes the outer tubular member 90 torise. This in turn causes the pumping piston I00 to move upwardly in itsstationary cylinder 86. Since the area on the under face of the head 9Iupon which the fluid pressure acts is materially greater than the areaof the pumping piston I00, the greater pressure of the fluid within thepumping cylinder 86 will cause the valve 8! to rise from its seat, andthus permit fluid to flow into the lower end of the pipe or duct 84 andout through the apertures 88 to-- gether with fluid under pressuredescending through the pipe or duct 84. When the outer tube 90 and theparts connected therewith have reached the upper end of their stroke,which may be determined by the amount of fluid under pressure dischargedby the piston II above the ground, the outer tube 90 and the partsconnected therewith are moved downwardly, so that the head 9I of theouter cylinder 90 moves toward the stationary head 85 of the pumpingpiston. This causes liquid to flow through the apertures 88 and upwardlyin the pipe or duct 84. This downward movement of the outer tube 90 maybe accomplished in any suitable or desired manner, for example, by meansof springs as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive. I have, however,illustrated in this construction the manner in which the force ofgravity may be employed for returning the outer tube 90. For thispurpose, I have provided a tube I05 which extends about the pipe or duct84 and the lower end of which is secured to the upper head 9| of thecylinder 90. The space between the tube I05 and the pipe or duct 84 maybe filled with any suitable material for supplying the necessary weightto return the outer tubular member 90 and parts connected therewith totheir lower position. For example, if desired, the pipe I05 may befilled with the liquid which is being pumped. During the downwardmovement of the tube 90 and the pumping piston I00, fluid is drawn intothe pumping cylinder past the foot valve 98. The tube or extension 91 inwhich the foot valve is arranged reciprocates up and down in the liquidin the well, during the operation of this pumping mechanism. Thisconstruction has the advantage that the weight of the liquid containedin this tube or extension supplements the weight within the tube I05 andthus helps to move the pumping piston through its suction stroke.

In the particular construction illustrated in Fig. 8, H0 represents afluid discharge pipe or duct, which corresponds to the pipe or duct 24shown in Fig. l. The lower end of this pipe or duct is secured to anouter tubular member II I which constitutes in effect an extension andenlargement of said pipe or duct. The connection between the pipe III)and its extension III may, for example, comprise a flanged member II2secured to a venting head or disk II4 which in turn is secured to theupper end of the tube III. This venting head or disk is provided with aplurality of upright holes or passages II5 through which fluid from thepipe or duct IIO may pass into the interior of its tubular extensionIII. In this construction, a pair of power pistons is employed, each ofwhich operates a pumping piston and Ill represents the upper powerpiston and H8 the lower power piston. The upper power piston II! isarranged in an outer tubular member or cylinder I20 suitably secured onthe venting head H4 and any suitable form of packing, such for exampleas cups I2I of leather or the like may be employed between the pistonIII and its cylinder I20. The yielding means for effecting the returnstroke of the piston in this case comprises a spring I22 interposedbetween the venting head H4 and the upper face of the power piston III.In order to prevent liquid from being trapped in the upper portion ofthe cylinder I20, suitable apertures or vents I24 are provided in theventing head 4, the outer ends of the apertures communicating with theexterior of the pumping mechanism. These vents make it possible for anygas pressure in the well to supplement the action of the spring I22.

I25 represents a pumping piston which is of smaller diameter than thepower piston Ill and is connected therewith in any suitable manner, forexample; by means of a piston rod I26. The pumping piston I25reciprocates in an intermediate tubular member or cylinder I21 which maybe secured to the power cylinder I20 in any suitable manner, forexample, in the construction shown, the pumping cylinder is formed inone piece with the power cylinder or outer member I20, but is of reduceddiameter. Openings I28 are provided either in the power cylinder I20 orthe pumping cylinder I21, or as shown, preferably, in the tapering partconnecting these two cylinders. Consequently, fluid pressure may passthrough the apertures. I28 and act upon the opposed faces of the powerand pumping pistons II! and I25. Since the piston III has a materiallygreater area than the pumping piston I 25, the pressure of the fluidwill force the two pistons upwardly, thus compressing the spring I22 andmoving the pumping piston through its suction or intake stroke.

The lower power piston I I8 may be similar in construction to the upperpower piston II'I but is connected to an upper pumping piston I30 bymeans of an inner tubular member I3I which also forms a connecting rod.The lower power piston II8 reciprocates in an outer tubular member orpower'cylidner I32, and I33 represents an intermediate tubular member orlower pumping cylinder, the two cylinders as shown being connected bymeans of a tapering portion provided with apertures I34. A head orinwardly extending part I35 is provided at the lower end of the powercylinder I32 and a spring I3! is interposed between this head and thelower power piston II8. The head is provided with an aperture I38through which fluid may enter into the lower end of the power cylinderI32 and through which it may be discharged therefrom. The lower powerpiston II8 also has a suction or intake tube I40 secured thereto, whichtube may be an extension of the tubular piston rod I3I and which extendsthrough the aperture I33 in the head I35. The lower end of this tube I40is provided with a foot valve I M. This intake tube I 40 may be of anydesired length depending upon the pressure in the well acting on thesurface liquid which is to be pumped. The opening I38 in the lower headI admits fluid pressure existing in the well to supplement the action ofthe spring I31.

Between the two pumping cylinders I27 and I33 is arranged a dischargevalve housing I44, that shown being of substantially cylindrical formand secured to the adjacent ends of the pumping cylinders I2! and I33. Aportion I45 of this valve housing extends inwardly and is apertured andsupports a discharge valve I46, that shown having a stem I41 by means ofwhich the valve is normally urged into a seating position by means of aspring I48. A discharge valve of any other suitable or desired form may,however, be provided.

When the liquid within the pipe H0 and its extension or enlargement IIIis under pressure, the lower pistons will operate in the same manner asdescribed in connection with the upper pistons, except that the lowerpistons will move downwardly while the upper pistons move upwardly. Thisconstitutes the suction stroke of the pump during which fluid isadmitted into the intake pipe I by unseating the foot valve I4I. Whenthe pressure of the pumped liquid in. the pipe or duct I I0 is reduced,the springs I22 and I3! move the pistons toward each other, thus forcingliquid past the discharge valve I46 into the outer tube or housing IIIfrom which it may pass through the apertures II5 into the fluiddischarge pipe or duct IIO.

. By providing a tubular member with a foot valve which is arranged tomove up and down in the liquid to be pumped, there is less tendency ofclogging of the parts through which the liquid flows to the foot valve,since any particles which might tend to clog the intake openings of thesuction tube are very apt to be dislodged by this reciprocatory motion.Furthermore, this motion may be successfully used to keep the openingsin the well casing clear. I have shown in Fig. 4, an annular brush I50arranged adjacent to the lower end of the reciprocatory intake pipe 35,the bristles of the brush extendin! outwardly so as to brush theperforated portion of the well casing 25. It is also possible in caseswhere a screen is provided at the lower end of the suction pipe, suchfor example as the screen I52 secured to the lower end of the suctionpipe 35 in Fig. 4, to provide an annular brush I53 secured to the innersurface of the well casing and having its bristles extending inwardly tobrush the screen I52. Obviously, other means may be employed forutilizing the reciprocatory motion of the suction or intake tube of myimproved pumping apparatus to keep the passages through which waterflows through the intake tube clear of obstructions. While I have shownthe brushes applied to my pumping mechanism only in Fig. 4, it will beobvious that similar brushes may be used in connection with theconstructions shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

All of the constructions described have the advantage that only a singletube or duct is required for the double purpose of discharging pumpedliquid and for transmitting the pressure pulsations or impulses to thepumping mechanism. It will also be noted that in these constructions,the pistons as well as the cylinders are all made of tubing and thepumping mechanisms may be designed so that this tubing is of standardsizes which are readily available, and the pistons are made of collars,rings and the like which hold the packing in place, and which are easilysecured to the tubing, for example, by means of screw threads shown inall of the constructions illustrated.

Another advantage of these constructions is that the tubular parts ofthe pistons serve the dual function of conducting fluid which is beingpumped and also of acting as connecting rods between the power andpumping pistons.

While I have shown in the various suction tubes only a single valve nearthe lower end thereof, yet it will be obvious that these foot valvesneed not be located in the lower ends thereof, but may be locatedanywhere lengthwise of the suction pipes. Also it is obvious that aplurality of valves may be used in the suction tube at differentelevations therein.

I claim as my invention:

1. A pumping mechanism adapted to be actuated by alternating high andlow pressures of the pumped liquid and including three tubular members ranged one within another, the tubular r largest diameter forming a powercyl nder the tubular member of intermediate diameter farming a pumpingcylinder, the tubular lest diameter extending into both of saidcylinders and having an annular portion of larger diameter formedthereon to cooperate wi h. said power cylinder and an annular portion 2rdiameter forming a piston for said 7 cylinder, said tubular membersbeing provided with means for conducting pumped liquid into contact withthe upper face of the larger piston and the under face of the pumpingpiston, said pistons including packing cups arranged with the expansibleedges of the packing cup of the pumping cylinder facing the expansibleedge of the cup of the power piston, whereby pumped liquid during a highpressure interval causes the power piston to move through a downwardstroke and tightens the cups of both pistons, yielding means acting onthe lower face of said power piston for moving the same through itsupward stroke when the pressure of the pumped liquid is reduced, meansfor permitting well pressure to enter said pumping mechanism to act onthe lower face of said power piston to cooperate with said yieldingmeans, a foot check valve for admitting liquid into the lower end ofsaid tubular member of smallest diameter, and a check valve in saidmechanism above said tubular member of smallest diameter past whichliquid may flow from said pumping cylinder.

2. A pumping mechanism for deep wells including a power mechanism forproducing reciprocating motion, a pumping mechanism including a cylinderand a tubular pumping piston operating in said cylinder and actuated bysaid power mechanism, said pumping cylinder being located in a well atan elevation above the liquid level therein slightly less than that towhich a column of liquid to be pumped can be raised by suction due topressure existing in said well, said piston including a tubular partconnected with and movable with said pumping piston and having an openend extending directly into the liquid in the well and reciprocating inthe liquid to be pumped and lifting the liquid contained therein duringupward movement, a perforate well casing having openings through whichthe liquid passes, and a brush secured to the lower portion of saidreciprocatory part for maintaining said openings clear fromobstructions.

3. A pumping mechanism for deep wells including a power mechanism forproducing reciprocatory motion, a pumping mechanism including a cylinderand a tubular pumping piston actuated by said power mechanism andarranged in said pumping cylinder, said pumping cylinder being locatedin a well at an elevation above the liquid level therein slightly lessthan that to which a column of liquid to be pumped can be raised bysuction due to pressure existing in said well, a tubular memberconnected with and movable with said pumping piston and having an openend extending directly into the liquid in the well, said tubular memberand piston during their upward movement elevating the liquid containedtherein, a perforated well casing, and brushing means actuated by thereciprocatory movement of said last mentioned tubular memher tocooperate with perforations in said casing for providing free access ofliquid to be pumped to said last mentioned tubular member.

JOSEPH S. PARENTI.

